Keywords: Dualism-vs-Monism.png en An illustration of the ontologies of dualism versus monism showing how physical substance relates to mental substance i e body mind as either fundamental or derivative Monism is further divided into physicalism idealism or neutral monism where the physical and mental are both derivative of a third substance that is neither body nor mind <br><br>An alternative term for derivative is emergent For example a typical ontology held by physicists is that the physical realm is fundamental and the phenomenon of consciousness is emergent from that physicalism Likewise a typical ontology held by many in religion is that spirit is fundamental with both mind and matter being emergent from that neutral monism 2012-07-24 own Dustin Dewynne cc-zero Philosophy of mind Metaphysics |