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| Keywords: indoor Philip Mould: This portrait, painted c.1620, was formerly in the possession of the Towneley family at Towneley Hall in Burnley. The sitter has been traditionally identified as a member of that family, John Towneley, and is probably therefore the younger son of John Towneley of Gray’s Inn. This younger John Towneley was born in 1567 and died in 1632. The Towneleys were a prominent Lancashire family, but thanks to their firm adherence to Catholicism were excluded from local politics and affairs. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Catholics in England were subjected to increasing persecution, and if they refused to attend Anglican services were subject to large recusancy fines. John Towneley senior, who gave shelter to Catholic priests at Towneley Hall, and was imprisoned on numerous occasions, had by 1601 been fined over £5000. It is likely that his children were also Catholics, for the whole family can be seen in praying together in a group portrait of 1601 in front of a crucifix [Towneley Hall Art Gallery, Burnley]. Philip Mould: This portrait, painted c.1620, was formerly in the possession of the Towneley family at Towneley Hall in Burnley. The sitter has been traditionally identified as a member of that family, John Towneley, and is probably therefore the younger son of John Towneley of Gray’s Inn. This younger John Towneley was born in 1567 and died in 1632. The Towneleys were a prominent Lancashire family, but thanks to their firm adherence to Catholicism were excluded from local politics and affairs. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Catholics in England were subjected to increasing persecution, and if they refused to attend Anglican services were subject to large recusancy fines. John Towneley senior, who gave shelter to Catholic priests at Towneley Hall, and was imprisoned on numerous occasions, had by 1601 been fined over £5000. It is likely that his children were also Catholics, for the whole family can be seen in praying together in a group portrait of 1601 in front of a crucifix [Towneley Hall Art Gallery, Burnley]. | ||||
