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Detail of Deesis Mosaic (The Last Judgement) representing the image of Christ form circa 1260 Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofia, Istanbul)

Dome of the Hagia Sophia Museum in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul, Turkey - November 10, 2024: Mosaic at Hagia Sophia, a former Greek Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later an imperial mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul

Istanbul / Constantinople, Turkey, Eastern Roman Empire: the apse of the Hagia Sophia, Church of the Holy Wisdom of God, is a testament to the building's complex history and the interplay of different religious traditions. While once only adorned with Christian mosaics, it now features prominent Islamic elements. Most notably, large calligraphic roundels bearing the names of Allah and Muhammad were added during the Ottoman period. These roundels, with their intricate calligraphy and golden inscriptions, stand in contrast to the earlier Christian mosaics that remain visible beneath layers of plaster. This juxtaposition of religious symbols reflects the building's transformation from a Byzantine church to an Islamic mosque

Former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum- Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul,Turkey - June 21, 2015: Turkish and foreign tourists are visiting Hagia Sophia, in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul. The Hagia Sophia was the main temple of Byzantium then the Muslim mosque and museum but now is Holy Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi) This redesignation is controversial, drawing condemnation from the Turkish opposition, UNESCO, the World Council of Churches, the International Association of Byzantine Studies, and many international leaders.

Hagia Sophia, formerly known as the Church of the Holy Wisdom and the Hagia Sophia Museum, today officially known as the Great Hagia Sophia Mosque, is a mosque and former church serving in Istanbul.

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina - February 4, 2020: Turkish and foreign tourists in the south aisle of the famous former basilica and mosque, Hagia Sofia, in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul.

Byzantina mosaic of John the Baptist in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, October 9, 2013

Haghia Sophia

Istanbul / Constantinople, Turkey, Eastern Roman Empire: the minbar and mihrab in the apse of the Hagia Sophia highlight the remarkable fusion of Byzantine and Ottoman architectural traditions. Located below the Virgin Mary and Christ mosaic, at the eastern end of the building, where the altar once stood during its time as a Christian cathedral, the mihrab was installed to indicate the qibla, the direction of Mecca, for Islamic prayers. It is framed by delicate Islamic calligraphy and ornamentation, contrasting with the apse’s original Byzantine mosaics. The minbar, a tall, ornately designed pulpit, stands nearby, used for delivering sermons during Friday prayers.

Hagia Sophia / Istanbul

The frescos and mosaics in the interior of haghia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey

Byzantine icon of Jesus Christ in Cathedral Hagia Sofia in Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul, Turkey - November 10, 2024: Mosaic at Hagia Sophia, a former Greek Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later an imperial mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul on 0ctober 15, 2014 in Istanbul, Turkey

Mosaic From The Byzantine Era In The Hagia Sophia Of Istanbul, Turkey

Hagia Sophia, considered the eighth wonder of the world, currently serves as a mosque.

Istanbul / Constantinople, Turkey, Eastern Roman Empire: Hagia Sophia - Church of the Holy Wisdom of God - upper south gallery - an elevated space that was traditionally designated for the empress and her court, offering a privileged view of the central nave and dome. Adorned with verd antique / verde antico columns, crafted from green serpentine marble quarried from Thessaly, Greece, are notable for their rich, deep color and smooth, polished surface. The capitals of the columns are carved with acanthus and palm tree leaves and the monograms of the emperors.

Decorated ceiling of Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey

Mosaic of Saint John the Baptist in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey.

Istanbul, Turkey - October, 17, 2022: Interior of the Hagia Sophia. The Grand Mosque and formerly the Church is a popular destination among pilgrims and tourists of Istanbul.

$Istanbul, Turkey - June 11, 2021: Turkish and foreign tourists in the south aisle of the famous former basilica and mosque, \nHagia Sofia, in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul. Hagia Sophia at day lights, biggest Medieval Christian cathedral at Istanbul. \nToday this is the Turkish mosque Ayasofya and famous architectural landmark of byzantine architecture of the Ancient Constantinople and Ottoman Empire.$

Istanbul, Turkey - April, 26, 2019: interior view of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

The mosaic depicting Mary and Christ in the interior of haghia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey

Hagia Sophia, formerly known as the Church of the Holy Wisdom, today officially known as the Great Hagia Sophia Mosque, is a mosque and former church serving in Istanbul.

Istanbul / Constantinople, Turkey, Eastern Roman Empire: the mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Christ Child in the apse of Hagia Sophia it positioned prominently at the eastern end of the church. Installed during the 9th century, it depicts the Virgin Mary seated on a jewel-adorned, backless throne, cradling the Christ Child on her lap. The golden background, original to its creation, radiates a divine aura, emphasizing the sacredness of the figures. Patriarch Photius inaugurated the mosaic on March 29, 867, marking its religious and cultural significance. Though damaged and likely destroyed during turbulent periods, the mosaic underwent extensive restoration in the 14th century, preserving its legacy as a masterpiece of Byzantine artistry.

Mosaic of Jesus Christ found in the old church of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. Close-up photo of Christ.

Interior of Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), Istanbul Turkey

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